Sunday, 17 March 2013

Rapid Assessments of the Needs of War Victims with Disabilities in Syria


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According to a United Nations spokesman, "Every hour people are being killed, or being maimed and becoming permanently disabled in Syria." So many horrors are occurring that it is impossible to provide an exact number.


When we asked the Medical Health Commissions for the Syrian Revolution and the field hospitals medical teams about the estimated number of either temporary or permanently disabled people resulting from military operations, we received these answers: "We can't tell," or "We don't know."  One of the Doctors  said  “I have seen many  persons lose eyes, hands, feet or arms as a result of war and other random acts of violence, and the families lack the fundamental infrastructure to care for the people--the men, women and children who become disabled."   

According to conservative estimates, the Syrian military operations have resulted in over 70,000 people killed. These include 10,000 children, 8,000 women and over 4,000 elderly people, the estimated number of injured/ wounded has exceeded 300,000 persons.   Many of the wounded will most certainly be left with permanent and life-long disabilities.

Many of those who were injured during the military operations sustained permanent disabilities owing to the severity of their injuries and/or the lack of adequate and timely medical attention and rehabilitation.  Syrian filed hospitals reportedly had to discharge patients too early so as to handle incoming emergencies.  Many injuries cases resulted in amputations or disfigurement. Many injured persons are expected to have long-term disabilities. (e.g. brain injuries, amputations, spinal injuries, hearing and seeing deficiencies, mental health and psychological problems) as a result of the military operations. It reported speculations that there might be some thousand cases of amputees; while the exact number of people who will suffer permanent disabilities is still unknown. We understand that many persons who sustained traumatic injuries during the conflict still face the risk of permanent disability owing to complications and inadequate follow-up and physical rehabilitation.
The world's efforts to deal with the challenges facing people with disabilities in Syria are abysmal. The fundamental rights of disabled persons are consistently violated, and few organization are doing a professional  work to provide rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities, but the need are much greater than their capacities.

Disability Rights, Syria  (DRS) was established in August  2012,  from group of Syrian experts in disability,  medial officers, rehabilitation workers and persons with disabilities, hoping to be able to contribute to the protecting the Rights of Disabled Persons in Syria, especially during the Syrian Revolution
All members of this group are working towards promoting the rights of persons with disabilities.  Our guiding principles are: No discrimination, equality of opportunity, effective participation in society, accessibility and full integration into the society.

The Disability Rights, Syria was established as a response to the urgent needs of persons with disabilities who were deprived from all kinds of medical and emergency support and rehabilitation services.   The DRS works inside Syria, with the medical hospitals and local coordination committee and NGO’s, and with neighboring countries hosting Syrian refugees.

DRS is working with several projects and is preparing a continuous needs assessment of the war injured in Syria and Refugees persons with disabilities in neighboring countries (Jordan, Lebanon, turkey, and Iraq).
The Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) project aims to improve the lives of people with disabilities and their communities by enabling humanitarian organizations to seek reliable and comparable information about people with disabilities, which enables the design and evaluation of effective programs for all.
It aims also to design rehabilitation projects which include or target people with disabilities, as the implementers of development activities need information about people with disabilities and the barriers they face.

The 1st phase of the rapid assessment of disability was conducted combining survey instruments and focus group discussions with a view to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. It targeted war injured persons with disability in Syria. The Preliminary results obtained showed in particular unmet needs, assistance and protection gaps, and critical psychosocial conditions of persons with disabilities. The conditions in which the majority is living are often completely unhygienic, and most of their rehabilitation needs are not met.  Therefore, the assessment has confirmed that this group of persons needs to receive comprehensive rehabilitation services and attention that can reduce the negative impact is having on their physical, health and social condition.

According to the result of the 1st phase of the Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) the following needs are identified:
Mobility and Prosthetic Equipment
Most of the persons with disabilities need mobility devices. They need tricycles, wheelchairs, artificial limbs, corsets, and so on, to facilitate their physical mobility. However mobility devices are not available in Syria which makes it difficult for most of those who need them, especially in the rural areas to access them. There is need to support locally made mobility devices and to increase their outlets in the rural areas. This will make the mobility devices more affordable and easy to maintain.   There are urgent needs for prosthetic devices as most of the persons with disabilities, spend most of their time in bed, they lack the needed equipment to make them able to move and depend on themselves. Also there are needs of colostomy bags, special anti-bedsore mattresses, pain relief medication, and anti-coagulants.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Support
Many war victims with disabilities were traumatized and they need to be supported to overcome trauma. Many were reported to have lost self-esteem and thought that they could not do anything on their own, that they had to be dependents. There is need for counseling services, social and economic support for the injury victims.
Such horrific experiences have resulted in victims suffering from various types and degrees of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) which require extensive and on-going psychological support to assist victims to cope with what has happened to them in the long term, and to improve their quality of life. 

 Medical and Rehabilitation Care
There is a need to enhance the coverage, effectiveness and sustainability of medical care and rehabilitation services for war survivors in Syria.  The medical care and rehabilitation of war injured persons require a comprehensive approach, for example the  limb amputation patients involves a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach as the patient progresses from initial triage, pre-operative assessment and resuscitation to amputation, prosthetic fitting, rehabilitation and eventual community reintegration. Psychosocial services should still be integrated as early as possible in the pre-deployment planning.
There are needs to establish a Community-based Rehabilitation Programme (CBR)  in Syria in order to reach war injured with disability in all areas and communities in Syria (CBR is a bottom-up, multi-sector strategy that works towards "community-based inclusive development" by including community stakeholders, including people with disabilities, in development programmes).   The CBR programme will be designed to support the inclusion of people with disabilities in health, education, livelihood, social, skills training and other services at community level.

Information Management System
There are several organizations providing rehabilitation support to persons with disabilities, but there is no coordination or collaboration to unify efforts to provide reliable rehabilitation services to war injured. Field hospitals, community groups have started some programmes to provide rehabilitation services for disabilities, but it was evident that there is a great need for networking between different groups as the activities of the different players in the rehabilitation process as are loosely linked. Disability Rights, Syria will work to coordinate and strengthen linkages between the different players to ensure effective service delivery.
There is a need to develop a networking system and an effective referral system to rehabilitation services in places that is available inside Syria or in the neighboring countries.   There is a need for regular compilation of data and reports regarding rehabilitation activities (Rehabilitation Management Information System RIS) to ensure effective follow up and support to the service providers and the target population. This will require identification and registration of injured war victims, by the community workers.  Disability Right, Syria has established an online registration system for Syrian war injured that will be used for effective delivery of rehabilitation services.  Community workers are visiting the war injured persons and registering the cases in a special questionnaire that is used to compile the rehabilitation management information system.

 Children with Disabilities
Among the injuries that are usual causes of permanent disabilities in children during armed conflicts are injuries to the brain and spinal cord, bone deformities in the arms and legs and loss of sight, hearing or mental capacity. That is to say, diseases producing disabilities, spread again during the crisis, such as meningitis, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, etc., have now been joined by diseases that are the result of war and of lack of care, such as: compound fractures, bone and tendon infections and deformities due to delay in medical care or lack of proper treatment.
Provision of medical treatment, prosthetic and orthotic devices, and other assistive devices and mobility aids, and physical therapy treatment.  The need for the same as adults but with specific measurement for children.

Capacity building
Capacity building for the health care providers within the NGO’s members, and CBR workers at community level. Training is needed on treatment of   war surgery, post-op rehabilitation, and home care for war survivors. This aims at strengthening the practices and procedures about war victims’ care for rehabilitation team members through continuing education and training.
Also there are need to provide assistance and training, for national rehabilitation team in Syria responsible for providing rehabilitation support in field hospitals, and community workers operating at the community level in delivery of services to the disabled.  The technical assistance and training, which would be carried out both within Syria and in neighboring countries, would be focused on developing capacity to assess disabilities requirements and provide emergency care, including physical therapy.
Other training needed is on the specialized appropriate medical support to be provided in the right time mainly patients received amputations.  Primary intervention for complex severe wounds and fractures could potentially have been salvaged if the appropriate medical support is provided in the right time.  Such as training of medical officers   to optimize resuscitation and wound management in the early stages of limb injury.

The needs are so great, most of the war victims we talked to they do not know what to do or where to go for rehabilitation services.    The need is beyond our capacity, but through coordination and cooperation with other national, regional and international agencies working on the ground we need to start a programme that will expand and develop to become a sustainable programme for supporting war victims and persons with disabilities during the revolution, during the transition period and until we have a new Syria that is capable of providing protection and a sustainable rehabilitation programme for all its citizens.
We need international support so that our people live a life of normality, of dignity, of liberty and freedom. I hope that our cry for freedom may be heard.  These war injured persons with disabilities paid the price for our freedom and it is their rights to provide them with the dignity and rights they are entitled to.
Horror is something to which we are subjected every day, we see all kinds of disability, we see the suffering of people who have lost part of their bodies, we see the fear and the anger of families, and we see so many horrors. Some suggest that we are becoming immune to the sight of such horrors, others bemoan our children's exposure to such images but, whatever opinion is voiced, it seems that the graphic depiction of human misery is one of the 'benefits' of contemporary media news services.
There is, however, a horror which has remained almost invisible: the ongoing and, in many cases, the systematic, abuse of disabled people. Contrary to what some would have us believe, human rights are not a sword to smite good intentions; they are a shield to deflect oppression. Human rights, for example, by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, should be a minimum below which no society falls. Instead, they too often remain an ideal to which many can only aspire.

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